Table 18
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2008-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth

Birth Defects

Diagnostic Grouping2008
to
2022		200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
A Central Nervous System (All) 571 55 44 40 27 38 52 42 43 36 21 27 38 42 37 29
  A01 Anencephalus 121 14 13 7 9 11 14 9 6 7 4 6 8 11 2 –
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 22 2 2 3 1 – 2 1 1 – 1 3 1 2 2 1
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 145 15 13 9 5 10 13 8 11 12 10 5 10 8 12 4
  A04 Encephalocele 15 2 1 – 1 2 – – 1 3 – 3 – – 1 1
  A05 Microcephalus 112 6 8 6 7 3 5 10 10 10 3 10 10 8 7 9
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 290 20 14 19 11 20 25 22 26 18 10 14 22 22 25 22
B Eye (All) 92 8 3 6 4 7 5 9 5 8 7 8 2 6 8 6
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		34 2 – 1 2 1 2 3 3 5 1 6 – 1 2 5
  B02 Congenital Cataract 10 2 – 1 1 1 – – – 2 1 1 – – 1 –
  B03 Aniridia 2 – – – – – 1 – – – 1 – – – – –
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 56 5 3 3 1 6 2 7 3 3 4 5 2 5 5 2
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 81 11 6 6 3 4 1 5 3 9 2 7 6 5 6 7
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 14 2 – 2 1 – – – 2 3 – 1 – 2 – 1
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		78 11 6 5 3 5 1 6 2 7 2 6 7 4 7 6
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 1,867 193 167 112 109 130 141 152 120 118 74 113 115 108 120 95
  D01 Common Truncus 33 7 – 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 1 – – – – 2
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		67 6 7 4 5 4 2 9 6 2 3 6 2 5 1 5
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 75 11 10 3 5 7 3 7 5 4 2 5 2 5 2 4
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 364 49 23 16 16 19 13 31 32 25 18 29 23 22 28 20
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 876 87 53 39 43 39 45 81 60 69 45 64 65 51 77 58
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 105 8 9 5 2 3 4 10 8 10 13 7 5 8 8 5
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		92 17 7 5 4 9 2 5 7 4 6 3 6 6 9 2
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		104 6 1 – 3 – 1 2 4 15 8 18 13 8 13 12
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 17 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 – – 1 1 – – 2 –
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 36 5 2 1 4 4 – 3 – 3 2 3 – 2 6 1
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		190 17 29 8 14 15 22 12 13 12 4 9 5 9 12 9
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 843 105 58 49 52 52 43 88 52 73 37 65 67 27 37 38
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 121 8 5 4 11 8 4 17 5 7 5 11 13 9 7 7
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 145 19 19 9 3 3 3 1 4 15 10 14 15 12 8 10
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 22 4 5 1 2 2 1 1 1 – – 1 – 1 2 1
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		38 5 3 2 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 2 4
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 64 4 4 6 1 3 – 4 8 5 3 5 5 7 4 5
  D18 Common Ventricel 37 5 3 1 – – 2 – 3 2 2 1 2 5 7 4
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		1,017 98 101 66 73 70 79 80 55 42 40 66 62 51 79 55
E Respiratory System (All) 534 48 34 38 28 39 37 61 38 34 15 27 36 31 40 28
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		333 25 17 27 20 20 22 47 20 25 11 18 24 20 20 17
  E02 Choanal Atresia 24 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 – – – 3 1 1
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		199 25 17 8 8 17 13 15 16 6 6 10 16 9 22 11
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 125 12 14 7 7 10 5 7 8 10 5 12 5 6 8 9
  F01 Cleft Palate 29 5 5 3 1 3 1 4 4 2 – – 1 – – –
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 83 7 6 4 6 8 4 4 5 5 2 11 3 5 6 7
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		284 30 22 15 17 14 23 19 16 12 15 17 17 21 26 20
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		53 4 2 1 3 4 5 3 3 3 5 2 3 4 7 4
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		46 4 2 2 2 4 4 5 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 3
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 4 – 1 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – 1
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		12 1 – – 2 1 1 1 – – 1 1 1 2 1 –
  G05 Biliary Atresia 18 1 3 – – – 2 – 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		188 24 15 14 10 7 14 14 11 7 9 10 12 13 13 15
H Genital & Urinary Systems 587 66 54 28 42 36 33 56 40 34 24 33 32 38 42 29
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		135 18 14 7 7 12 11 12 7 6 3 5 9 9 9 6
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		3 – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – 1 –
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		142 14 13 5 8 8 8 10 12 12 6 9 7 8 13 9
  H04 Hypospadias 48 7 3 2 2 3 1 8 5 3 4 3 3 1 2 1
  H05 Epispadias 1 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ – – – 1 – – – –
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		377 37 29 20 30 19 16 37 30 23 17 21 17 30 28 23
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 657 58 45 52 35 42 41 59 45 53 34 35 39 43 43 33
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		15 3 – – 3 1 – 1 1 4 – – 1 – – 1
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		11 – 2 – – 1 – 2 1 2 1 1 1 – – –
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		63 8 9 10 8 12 6 9 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		22 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ – 7 2 4 1 – 6 2
  I03b Gastroschisis 12 ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 1 3 – 3 1 1 3 –
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 10 – – 2 – – – 1 – 1 1 – 1 1 1 2
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 135 12 10 9 8 11 11 16 11 13 6 3 9 7 3 6
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		469 40 30 33 21 22 26 35 34 34 28 31 30 37 39 29
J Integument (All) 126 6 7 5 5 3 10 10 12 9 6 7 15 11 13 7
K Chromosomal Anomalies 441 39 38 25 33 30 33 41 36 26 25 20 19 28 29 19
  K01 Trisomy 13 75 6 6 4 7 9 6 8 4 3 5 4 4 3 2 4
  K02 Down Syndrome 101 14 7 5 5 2 13 13 6 6 9 4 5 3 4 5
  K03 Trisomy 18 129 10 13 6 12 9 9 10 17 4 6 5 2 11 11 4
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		166 9 14 11 16 15 12 12 10 13 5 9 9 11 13 7
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		890 37 28 73 89 110 121 91 37 54 86 55 47 16 28 18
                                

Table 18
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2008-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

Diagnostic Grouping2008
to
2022		200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		52 4 10 1 4 4 3 6 2 5 – 1 6 1 3 2
  M01 Syphilis 2 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  M02 Other Infections 50 3 9 1 4 4 3 6 2 5 – 1 6 1 3 2
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		397 24 19 17 18 31 25 45 31 36 26 20 20 21 43 21
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		204 19 17 21 15 15 19 27 10 6 12 11 16 5 2 9
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		82 6 8 5 4 8 9 6 6 6 6 3 4 3 6 2
R Other Diseases of the Eye 35 2 4 – 1 – 2 3 4 2 3 2 3 1 5 3
S Hearing Deficiency 67 4 4 4 4 1 2 8 7 4 5 4 4 5 8 3
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		407 31 42 18 29 32 35 38 22 25 13 30 26 18 31 17
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		255 23 22 14 11 12 17 20 21 16 16 12 21 10 23 17
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		30 1 – – 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 5 2 3 4
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		187 11 9 3 6 11 10 12 22 32 11 17 14 9 11 9
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		2 – – – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – –
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ – 1 – – – – – –
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		176 7 7 3 6 10 9 10 22 31 11 17 14 9 11 9
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 4,086 345 342 254 259 291 335 334 246 240 193 199 221 185 186 143
                                

Notes:
Frequencies include all deaths within the first year of life to children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defect mortality rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details. Columns do not add to total infant deaths born with birth defects. Some cases include diagnosis with multiple birth defects, and each birth defect diagnosis was counted in each appropriate grouping.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025
Mortality data includes all linked deaths identified through death year 2024.

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025