Table 16
Birth Defect Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2008-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth

Birth Defects

Diagnostic Grouping2008
to
2022		200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
A Central Nervous System (All) 47.9 35.3 32.4 33.6 33 37.4 40.4 48 47.4 58.4 44.8 60.9 65.8 67.3 60.8 58.9
  A01 Anencephalus 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.4 * *
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 3.9 5.4 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.8 4 2.9 4.2 3.3 4.1 4.8 3.3 3.4
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 7.9 9.4 8.3 7.5 7 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.3 9.7 5.9 8 9.3 9.3 9 7.8
  A04 Encephalocele 0.9 0.9 0.9 * 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.2 1 1.1 1 *
  A05 Microcephalus 15.1 6.2 6.2 8.7 7.6 6.8 11.2 13.8 12.5 16.8 14.3 27.1 26.9 28.1 21.9 23.1
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 26.9 19 17.9 17.3 18.4 23.5 21.5 28 31 39.9 26.8 28.5 34 34.3 34.3 32.1
B Eye (All) 33.3 22.4 19.7 20.4 21 18 30.9 35.2 32 27 32.1 46.7 49.7 45.3 51.2 54.4
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		1.4 1.3 0.9 1 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.1 2.1 1.8 2 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.6
  B02 Congenital Cataract 1.9 2.1 1 2.4 2.2 1.3 1 1 1.5 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.1 1.9
  B03 Aniridia 0.3 * – * * * * * * * * * 0.7 * * *
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 31 20 18.3 18 18 16.2 29 33.5 29.7 24.3 29.7 44.7 46.7 42.7 48.9 51.8
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 30.2 14.3 11.3 12.3 13 12.6 16.1 20.5 23.3 27 28.2 61 52.9 55.8 60 55.7
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.5 1 1.8 2.3 2 3 2.7 2.4 2.4 3.1
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		30.5 15.1 11.8 12.4 13.4 12.5 16.7 21.1 23.4 27.6 29 61 53 56 60.1 54.8
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 250.4 203.2 171.8 163 177.6 191.6 188.2 230.1 179.9 241.6 229.6 366.9 380.5 356.7 363.4 355.6
  D01 Common Truncus 1.2 1.7 0.4 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1 0.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.7
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		3.7 3.8 3.4 3.5 3 3.1 3.3 4.5 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.3
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 5.5 6.9 3.9 5.7 6.1 5.1 5.6 5.2 4.9 5.6 4 6.2 3.9 5.8 6.4 7.2
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 52.8 45.1 34 34.6 38 44.9 39.3 50.8 42.7 51.6 50.1 73.7 76.4 73.2 72.5 74
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 158.1 96.4 83.5 78.3 99.5 108.7 102.2 142.6 109 157.8 153.1 252 267.7 254.5 260.3 246.5
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 5 5.2 4.2 5.1 5 5.5 4 5 4.2 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.1 6.1 3.5 5.5
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		10.5 10.6 6.7 9.8 9.5 10.3 6.9 10.6 8.2 10.4 11.7 12.6 15.1 12 12.6 11.3
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		7.4 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.2 1 1.3 3.7 11.6 10.6 18 16.6 12.3 15.6 16.9
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 * 0.7 0.5 * 1 0.9 1.1
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 2.1 2.6 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.2 2 3.2 2.1
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		4 4 4.6 2.4 3.6 4.8 4.1 4.2 2.9 4.1 3.1 4.6 4.9 4.1 4.1 4.6
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 76.8 69.5 52.1 50.3 63.2 61.2 48.8 85.9 60.2 88.7 75.4 110.6 119.8 89.6 90 95.9
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 7.5 7 4.3 5.5 5.9 7.5 5 8 5.7 7.9 8.3 9.8 10.3 9.3 9.4 8.8
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 19.4 20 18.7 15 10.2 3.1 2.1 2 10.2 18.9 17.9 35.3 38.8 35.3 34.9 33.3
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 0.8 1 1 1 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 * * * 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.7
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.6 1 1 1.3 1.1
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.3 2.2 3 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.3 3 3 2.8 3.1
  D18 Common Ventricel 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 * 0.7 1.1 1 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.9 3 2.8
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		80 72.3 61 57.1 53.6 58.4 56.8 72.2 50.8 63.9 63.6 114.8 114.7 116.3 129.1 131
E Respiratory System (All) 56 38.4 29.1 37 36.4 44.6 44.5 56.6 52.3 54.2 53 77.7 78.3 85.7 83.9 78.5
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		7.1 5.3 6.6 9 5.9 5.3 5.2 8.8 4.6 7.7 5.1 7.4 9.9 8.2 9.8 7.9
  E02 Choanal Atresia 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.1 1.4 2 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 1 2 2.9 2.1 2.4 1.7
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		49 33.2 22 27.6 30.2 38.8 38.6 48.1 47.4 46.7 49.1 70.2 69.1 77.3 75 71.3
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 16.5 15.3 18.2 14.2 14.4 13.8 14.8 16.7 18 15.3 16.1 19 17.2 20.4 17.7 17.4
  F01 Cleft Palate 5.7 7.5 8.6 6.2 5.4 5.3 7.7 8.1 5.7 3.3 3.7 4.7 5.4 4.7 4.2 3.9
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 10.1 9.7 10.5 10.1 10.5 9.7 8.4 10.1 10.3 8 9 11.9 9.6 12.3 11.2 10
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		110.1 54.7 51.2 42.8 44.9 50.1 52.6 73.4 70.1 114 115.7 225 229.4 205.1 192.9 164.7
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		2.3 2.4 1.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.5 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.4
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		4.3 4.5 4 4.4 5.1 4 5.8 4.3 3.2 4.5 3.6 3.8 5.5 4.2 4.5 2.7
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 16.4 20 18.2 12.7 13.7 16.1 12.5 16.3 14.8 19.2 14.7 20.8 21.4 18.6 15 11.4
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		2.9 2.9 1.9 3.8 3.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.3 3 2.9 4.1 3.9 2.5 2.5
  G05 Biliary Atresia 1.6 1.2 1.2 1 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 1 1.7 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.1 2 2.6
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		86 26.6 26.9 20.7 22.1 26 30.3 50 49.2 87.4 94.4 196.2 200.2 177.9 170.7 146.7
H Genital & Urinary Systems 185.3 124.4 100.8 96.7 133.4 135 151.2 179.3 150.3 169.4 173.4 276.5 280.2 287 283.5 277.8
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		6 6.4 3.2 3.8 4 5.1 5.7 7.3 4.5 6.4 5 7.7 9.4 7.9 7 6.9
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		* * * * * – * * * * * * 0.6 0.7 * *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		39.6 21.6 15.3 16 21.7 26.2 23.2 33.5 31.6 39.4 38.6 65.8 66.7 63.2 70.6 71.9
  H04 Hypospadias 39.1 35.6 29.4 29.5 37.8 29.7 34.9 41.8 32.9 39.1 35.3 48.8 48.9 50 53.1 42.9
  H05 Epispadias 1.1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- * 1.6 1 2.7 3.9 1.6 3 2.8
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		121.2 70.6 58.9 54.9 79.3 84.6 96.2 109.1 93.3 108.4 119.4 193.3 192.2 208.4 191.7 189.3
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 268 138.9 117.4 149.9 166.5 207.3 225.9 249 243 259.9 288.2 458.6 411.6 409.2 369.4 384
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		2.2 2.9 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.3 2.4 2.2 3.2 1.9 2.9 2.2 2.2
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		1.5 1.4 2 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.7 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.2
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		3.7 6 6.1 8 6.9 7.6 8.6 8 2.3 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		1.9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.8 2.6 4.7 9.7 5.1 1.5 2.4 2.2
  I03b Gastroschisis 1.9 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.9 5.3 3.9 5.2 3.4 2.6 4.3 2.1
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		0.1 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- * * – * * – 0.6 *
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 5.7 10.6 10.7 9.2 10.5 8.4 5.4 4.8 3.9 1.9 2.2 2.7 4.4 2.6 3.9 2.1
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 3.7 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.3 4.4 3.5 4.4 3.2 3.7 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.6
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		253.9 123 100 132.3 149 191.3 211.1 233.7 234.4 248.6 275.6 439.7 398.7 399.5 356.4 375.1
J Integument (All) 190.8 117 108.2 75.9 94.8 73 146 201.8 119 136.2 130 387.8 405.6 319 309.4 291.2
K Chromosomal Anomalies 25.1 19.6 18.2 19.7 20.6 20.5 20.6 21.8 20.6 24.3 29.3 32.2 32.5 34.9 32.8 31.7
  K01 Trisomy 13 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 * 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 * 0.8
  K02 Down Syndrome 12.3 11.2 9 12 11.3 11.5 11.3 12 10.1 12.1 15.9 13.6 14.2 13.9 13.9 13
  K03 Trisomy 18 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 2 1 0.9 1.8 1.6 2 1.5 0.8
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		11.5 6.8 7.4 6.8 8.8 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 11 12.6 17.3 16.9 18.8 17.2 17.8
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		149.5 17.4 13.4 163.4 158.4 183.4 187.5 223.2 61 211.5 253.3 335.4 328.7 36.5 35.1 34.2
                                

Table 16
Birth Defect Prevalence Rates by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2008-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

Diagnostic Grouping2008
to
2022		200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		6.3 4.9 5.2 3.9 4 5.6 5.3 6.9 5 5.4 4.2 7.1 7.8 9.1 9.4 12.2
  M01 Syphilis 1.8 2.3 2.1 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.9 3.6 3.2 3.8
  M02 Other Infections 4.5 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.3 4.6 3.7 4.7 3.9 4.1 3.4 5.7 5.9 5.5 6.4 8.5
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		1 1.1 * 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.2 1 1.3
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		75.1 44.7 29.2 41.1 39.1 52.3 57.2 67.6 58.3 69.5 65.3 124.5 121.5 126.7 126.4 124.5
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		33.8 24.4 18.4 25.1 27.9 29.4 30 38.4 39.7 35.1 36.6 46.7 47.1 46.7 31.2 32.6
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		15.9 17.1 13.6 12.2 16 13.9 14.5 17.2 14 14.6 15.2 19 18.9 20.2 16.2 15.8
R Other Diseases of the Eye 27.7 17.6 14.4 14.2 14.9 13 25.2 27.5 31.7 32.5 32.2 41.3 40.4 40.4 38.1 37.4
S Hearing Deficiency 66.6 33.9 28.7 22.1 46.1 42.1 56.4 59.4 48.3 90.3 87.4 110.2 80.2 116.9 113 79.2
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		44.3 37.1 29.6 30.9 30.1 40.7 36.1 42.6 35.7 39.3 43.9 59.3 63.5 59.2 60.7 62.3
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		117.9 64.7 39 48.9 51.6 63 75.7 95.6 133 154 149 228.1 199.3 181.7 154.6 158.2
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		16.5 1.2 2 2 2.4 2 3.1 3.1 11.7 18.3 23.3 38.1 39.8 40.8 35.9 32.1
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		0.1 – – * * * * * – * – – – – – *
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		114.6 23.3 16.2 19.7 28.7 30.9 28 52.1 119.7 398.6 192.6 311 169.5 134.2 119.4 96.3
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		1.7 * * 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.4 4.6 3.4 3.3 2.8 3
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 0.3 --- --- --- --- --- --- * * 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 * * 0.6
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		111.5 20 14.4 16.6 23.9 27.8 25 45.2 115.3 397.2 191 308.3 166.7 131.5 117.5 93.7
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 1,455.2 815.1 675.1 815.7 915.4 1,003.5 1,142.3 1,349.5 1,126.7 1,621.5 1,532 2,386.4 2,256.6 1,951.2 1,839 1,754.9
                                

Notes:
Rates are per 10,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births. Rates include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
*: A rate is not calculated when there are fewer than 6 events, because the width of the confidence interval would negate any usefulness for comparative purposes.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies used to calculate the rates in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025