Table 22
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2006-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Three-year Mortality Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019		2018
to
2020		2019
to
2021		2020
to
2022
A Central Nervous System (All) 123.6 119.3 116.5 97.2 88.7 93 92.3 88.7 69.2 58.9 45.9 45.8 51.4 57.1 55.6
  A01 Anencephalus 814 809.5 809.5 743.6 710.5 739.1 809.5 805.6 846.2 772.7 739.1 750 781.2 807.7 684.2
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 46.6 43.5 47.3 48 * * * * * * * * 46.2 * *
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 136.6 123.5 124.6 102.7 96.8 117.6 130.8 141.6 119.2 133.6 102.3 98.4 80.7 103.1 88.6
  A04 Encephalocele 187.5 * * * * * * * * * 166.7 * * * *
  A05 Microcephalus 89.5 94.3 80.6 80.8 60.6 51.5 49.7 58.5 61.2 46.7 35.5 30.7 31.8 30.8 31.6
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 109 98.5 83.1 71.2 74.3 77.8 80.7 79.7 58.8 49 39.4 46.9 55.9 63.7 66
B Eye (All) 26.7 23.3 23.1 18.4 25.1 20.1 21.9 17 20.5 19.5 19.5 12.1 10.5 10.3 12.8
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		122.8 125 * * * * 187.5 222.2 244.4 160.7 181.8 122.8 125 * 153.8
  B02 Congenital Cataract * * * * * * * – * * * * * * *
  B03 Aniridia – – – – – * * * – * * * – – –
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 20.4 15.9 16.6 11.2 16.8 12.5 16.7 11.4 13.1 10.6 10.9 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 40.2 52.1 51.5 35.5 30.2 16.9 17.9 13.2 21.1 15.8 13.9 9.6 9.9 9.5 10.1
  C01 Anotia/Microtia * * * * * * – * * * * * * * *
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		38.6 50.3 47.5 32.3 29.8 18.6 21 12.9 18.3 12.2 11.5 9.6 9.3 10.1 9.6
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 67.1 74.1 74.3 65.6 57.9 60.1 61 60.6 52.6 42.5 32.7 28.2 28.3 29.5 28.9
  D01 Common Truncus 230.8 238.1 244.4 194.4 195.7 179.5 186 227.3 279.1 250 * * – – *
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		116.8 127 134.9 140.4 119.3 103.8 121 127.8 116.4 80.3 80.9 85.9 105.7 66.1 97.3
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 101.9 137.6 123.1 99.4 78.1 78.5 94.4 83.8 89.4 66.7 62.1 58.1 70.6 53.3 54.7
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 63.5 66.5 65.5 44.7 38.1 34.6 41.1 50.3 53.4 46.1 36.8 31.9 30.9 31.1 30.7
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 58 62.9 58.8 44.8 37.1 36 41.1 46.2 45.1 36.8 28.4 23.6 21.7 23.3 23.5
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 124.4 150.8 128.7 97 56.2 54.9 103.7 146.7 169.7 179.2 163.9 140.4 113 134.6 133.8
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		77.3 85.7 90.6 53.3 53.4 49.5 50.8 47.9 48.2 49.7 33.5 34.6 35.1 50 45.6
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		183.7 163.3 152.2 * * * * 102.9 111.1 92.5 91.5 78.8 77.2 72.2 71
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 250 269.2 233.3 318.2 222.2 * * * * * * * * * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 120.9 109.8 117.6 120.7 152.5 140.4 122.8 * * * 93 * * 101.3 116.9
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		365.5 411 418.6 418 303.3 359.2 328.9 367.2 289.1 252.2 188 129.5 156.5 187.1 225.6
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 102.3 108.1 104.4 83.3 77 74.8 82.1 82.5 79.8 64.1 57.1 50.4 46.2 41.3 35.7
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 150.2 120.9 85.4 110.5 107.5 110.6 124.5 121.5 117.9 68.8 79.3 92.9 104.4 94.5 80.4
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 52.4 74.8 74.1 61 46.3 51.1 85.4 49.1 56.7 54.7 48.6 38.7 34.9 30.3 27.9
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 333.3 357.1 285.7 266.7 * * * * * * * * * * *
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		238.1 285.7 232.6 157.9 146.3 200 181.8 166.7 166.7 173.9 179.5 * * 171.4 257.1
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 241 209.9 172.8 146.7 133.3 * 82.4 131.9 173.5 170.2 132.7 132.7 171.7 173.9 173.9
  D18 Common Ventricel 275.9 321.4 236.8 * * * * * * 102.9 * * 98.8 159.1 177.8
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		84.8 104.6 117.9 121.1 108.6 115.9 107.5 104.5 83.3 68.2 54.9 52.3 48.2 50.5 47.3
E Respiratory System (All) 77.9 85.1 97.5 84.7 78.2 73 82.7 77.9 71.7 48.4 36.9 34 36.3 40.9 38.4
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		422.5 335 281.6 258.1 291.3 333.3 404.5 419.8 383.3 285.7 238.9 215.4 226.3 216.9 211.9
  E02 Choanal Atresia * * 100 * 96.8 90.9 98.6 104.5 116.7 * * – * * *
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		48 52 51.2 35.9 30 31.1 31.5 28.8 22.9 17.4 11.9 15.5 15.1 20.1 18.1
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 63.6 64.9 58.7 51.8 49.7 45.1 42.7 35.5 43.9 41.3 48 38.3 37.9 32.5 39.9
  F01 Cleft Palate 45.6 50.7 49.4 38.5 36.3 * 33.2 36.6 51.3 42 * * * * –
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 71.4 61.5 47.8 44.6 52.2 55.4 49.8 39.5 43.2 39 55.9 47.8 52.3 40 51.7
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		38.6 40.2 38.2 33.6 29.3 32.2 28 26 16.1 12.7 8.7 7.8 7.8 9.6 11.5
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		105.8 135.8 97.2 88.2 103.9 155.8 148.1 144.7 136.4 177.4 142.9 113.6 93.8 144.3 174.4
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		65.9 63.3 52.3 38.5 51.9 59.2 81.2 79.5 73.5 55.1 60.2 56.7 55.2 60 84
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis * * * * * – – – * * * – – – *
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  G05 Biliary Atresia * * * * – * * * * * * * * 93.8 100
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		54.6 56.5 60.5 48.4 39.6 34.8 28.9 26.5 15.1 10.4 6.2 5.8 5.7 6.5 8
H Genital & Urinary Systems 31.4 38.7 39 32.5 25.5 23.3 23.6 23.6 22.9 17.6 13.2 11.1 11.4 12.5 12.4
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		215.3 260.6 245.3 220.5 176.9 178.6 169.9 150 120.8 89.4 65.7 70.2 85.8 105.1 105.7
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		– * * * * – – – – – – – – * *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		37.5 48.7 51.1 42.5 28.9 29.7 27.6 29.9 28.6 24.3 16.9 11.7 11.4 13.2 14.1
  H04 Hypospadias 14.4 15 10.8 6.3 6.3 5.2 9.9 11.2 12.4 9.9 7.3 6.9 4.4 3.7 *
  H05 Epispadias ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– – * * * – –
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		29.4 36.9 39.5 35.5 27.7 22 21.8 24.4 25.5 19.4 13 9.9 10.7 12 13.2
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 27.6 29.8 32.4 26.4 21.7 17.3 18.3 17.7 18.4 14.8 10.9 8.5 8.5 9.9 9.9
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		77.8 * * * * * * * 88.2 * * * * * *
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		* * * * * * * * * * * * * * –
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		95.2 108.7 114.4 111.6 116.7 98.9 97.8 74.1 84.7 ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 184.2 100 69.1 32.7 * 72.9 125
  I03b Gastroschisis ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– * * 37.5 * * * *
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation * * * * * – * * * * * * * * *
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 225.6 252 250 221.3 261.7 333.3 368.9 327.6 285.7 238.1 173.2 142.9 142.9 135.7 115.9
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		22.2 23.6 24.6 19.1 14.1 11 11.5 12.3 12.6 11.2 8.7 7.3 7.4 8.7 8.9
J Integument (All) 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.7 5 4.8 6 6 6.2 3 2.8 2.8 3.6 3.2
K Chromosomal Anomalies 128.6 150.9 150.7 142.4 127.2 137.1 145.5 153.4 135.9 104.2 74.2 62 62.6 71.8 73.6
  K01 Trisomy 13 619 789.5 842.1 772.7 800 814.8 884.6 818.2 750 666.7 631.6 590.9 423.1 360 375
  K02 Down Syndrome 63.3 78.1 68.4 45.6 30.2 51.7 70.9 84.4 64.4 49.1 40.9 37.5 26.8 27 28.3
  K03 Trisomy 18 652.2 659.1 707.3 738.1 692.3 652.2 622.2 666.7 632.7 613.6 365.9 276.6 310.3 444.4 577.8
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		112.4 126.9 137.1 154.1 154.4 147.8 135.9 117.2 110.1 77.3 59.2 44.8 51.1 59 55.5
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		127.8 146.2 61.6 49.5 47.3 53.3 47.7 46.3 32.2 29.9 21.9 18.7 15.5 21.2 56.4
                              

Table 22
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2006-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Three-year Mortality Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019		2018
to
2020		2019
to
2021		2020
to
2022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		80 102 90.9 98.7 58.4 65.1 64.4 56.1 66 42.4 32.3 33.5 31.1 36 18.8
  M01 Syphilis * * * * – – – – – – – – – – –
  M02 Other Infections 98.9 141.3 125 126.1 71.4 83.3 87.8 78.6 90.3 54.7 40.8 42.4 43.5 53.2 28.4
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		* * – – – – – – – – – – – – –
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		44.3 43.4 44.2 42.9 43.8 43.9 50.2 48.5 50.4 42.7 28.4 19.4 15.2 21.2 21.7
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		59.4 62.2 71.2 64.4 54.4 49.4 54.9 45.5 33.4 22.3 22 27.3 21.2 17.4 13.9
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		43 45.1 37.5 35.2 35.4 41.6 44.3 40.3 34.5 36.4 27.5 22.3 16.1 22.3 20.3
R Other Diseases of the Eye * 11.3 11 * * * * 9.4 8.6 8.3 5.9 6.4 4.6 7.2 7.5
S Hearing Deficiency 12.1 12.4 12 10.8 7.2 4.3 6.1 9.1 8.4 6.3 4 4.3 3.9 5.2 5
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		88.5 91.8 79 85.1 68.2 79.1 77.3 72.9 63.5 44.8 42.8 37.8 37.9 38.7 34.9
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		22.9 28.6 32.7 29.2 19.9 18.5 18.4 16.8 13.1 10.8 7.4 7.7 6.6 9.5 9.7
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		* * * * * * * * 18.7 13.3 10.1 8.1 7.1 8.1 8
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		38.5 35 33 24.2 22.2 27.1 26.1 19.4 10.2 8.1 5.9 5.7 6 7.6 8
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		– – – – – * * * * * – – – – –
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– * * * – – – –
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		30.2 29.2 28.2 25.3 24.5 28.7 26 19.5 10 8.1 5.9 5.7 6.1 7.7 8.1
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 33 35.9 34.6 30.8 25.8 25.5 24.2 22.2 17.6 14.1 10.2 9.1 8.5 9.3 8.9
                              

Notes:
Rates are per 1,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births. Rates represent the infant mortality rate for children with a diagnosed birth defect. The rates include all deaths within the first year of life to children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
*: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025