Table 24
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2002-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Infant Mortality Totals

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019		2015
to
2020		2016
to
2021		2017
to
2022
A Central Nervous System (All) 397 390 359 327 285 257 256 243 242 238 232 221 207 207 201 194
  A01 Anencephalus 80 79 78 67 64 61 68 63 56 56 51 46 40 42 38 31
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 23 24 21 19 15 11 10 9 8 5 5 8 7 8 9 10
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 122 119 111 99 77 66 65 58 56 59 64 59 56 56 57 49
  A04 Encephalocele 19 20 17 14 8 7 6 4 4 7 6 7 7 7 7 5
  A05 Microcephalus 69 59 54 51 49 41 35 39 41 45 41 48 53 51 48 47
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 189 184 158 146 124 117 109 111 123 122 121 115 112 112 111 115
B Eye (All) 58 51 46 39 35 35 33 34 36 38 41 42 39 36 39 37
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		16 14 14 11 10 10 8 9 12 16 15 20 18 16 15 15
  B02 Congenital Cataract 9 9 7 8 7 7 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 3
  B03 Aniridia 1 1 1 1 – – 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 40 37 34 26 22 21 20 22 22 22 25 24 24 22 24 23
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 49 52 49 45 35 37 31 25 22 25 24 27 32 32 35 33
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 4 6 4 5 6 6 5 3 5 6 5 6 6 8 6 4
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		51 53 49 45 34 37 31 26 22 24 23 24 30 28 33 32
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 1,128 1,133 1,069 998 910 869 852 811 764 770 735 718 692 648 648 625
  D01 Common Truncus 14 20 17 19 19 19 18 15 19 19 17 15 13 9 5 3
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		34 35 37 32 32 29 28 31 30 28 26 28 28 24 19 22
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 38 45 46 40 40 41 39 35 30 31 28 26 25 23 20 20
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 202 216 197 171 159 149 136 118 127 136 138 148 158 149 145 140
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 365 399 375 359 338 323 306 300 307 337 339 364 384 354 371 360
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 58 63 59 52 41 37 31 33 32 37 48 52 53 51 51 46
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		52 62 56 55 49 48 44 32 32 31 33 27 31 32 34 32
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		9 12 11 11 13 11 11 7 10 25 30 48 60 66 75 72
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 15 10 13 14 14 13 12 11 8 6 5 4 3 2 4 4
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 15 20 20 18 18 18 16 14 12 14 12 11 11 10 16 14
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		102 101 113 109 104 97 105 100 84 88 78 72 55 52 51 48
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 517 561 507 475 428 399 359 342 336 360 345 358 382 321 306 271
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 69 70 66 59 58 49 40 49 49 52 46 49 58 50 52 52
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 79 88 85 84 72 68 56 38 23 29 36 47 59 70 74 69
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 20 17 19 15 17 15 15 12 8 7 5 4 3 3 4 5
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		15 16 17 18 16 16 18 14 13 15 16 14 11 13 13 13
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 37 34 32 36 31 27 18 18 22 21 23 25 30 33 29 29
  D18 Common Ventricel 9 11 11 12 12 10 11 6 6 7 9 10 10 15 19 21
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		560 550 540 510 488 475 487 469 423 399 366 362 345 316 340 353
E Respiratory System (All) 450 421 364 325 277 245 224 237 241 237 224 212 211 181 183 177
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		247 231 189 173 143 134 131 153 156 154 145 143 145 118 118 110
  E02 Choanal Atresia 4 5 6 9 9 10 12 12 13 13 12 10 7 8 7 5
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		219 205 184 154 133 108 88 78 77 75 73 66 69 63 69 74
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 97 93 86 73 67 63 55 50 44 47 45 47 47 46 46 45
  F01 Cleft Palate 33 30 27 24 23 22 18 17 16 15 14 11 11 7 3 1
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 65 64 58 48 43 40 35 32 31 32 28 31 30 31 32 34
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		199 195 179 153 136 124 121 110 104 101 99 102 96 98 108 116
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		34 33 27 20 17 19 19 18 19 21 23 21 19 20 24 25
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		33 34 31 23 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 18 15 17 18
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 7 6 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		3 3 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 6 6
  G05 Biliary Atresia 6 5 8 7 6 5 6 5 3 4 5 6 5 6 9 10
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		142 140 130 114 100 88 84 74 70 63 62 65 63 62 64 72
H Genital & Urinary Systems 369 364 341 306 289 279 259 249 235 241 223 220 219 201 203 198
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		92 90 85 78 73 75 69 63 56 55 51 44 42 39 41 41
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		2 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 1 – – – – – 1 1
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		73 74 70 61 57 56 56 52 51 58 56 57 56 54 55 52
  H04 Hypospadias 41 40 38 28 23 24 18 19 21 22 24 24 26 19 16 14
  H05 Epispadias ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– – – 1 1 1 1 1
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		245 235 216 192 183 172 151 151 152 155 142 144 145 138 136 136
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 413 406 369 347 308 288 273 274 274 275 274 267 265 249 247 227
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		13 15 13 9 10 8 7 5 6 10 7 6 7 6 5 2
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		9 7 9 6 4 3 3 5 4 6 7 7 8 6 5 3
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		52 55 51 55 51 55 53 54 46 ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 7 9 13 14 14 20 15
  I03b Gastroschisis ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 4 4 7 8 9 11 8
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 7 4 4 5 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 68 68 60 59 57 59 61 65 66 70 68 60 58 49 41 34
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		310 298 275 245 212 188 172 167 171 172 179 188 192 194 199 194
J Integument (All) 34 34 37 37 35 30 36 40 45 49 50 54 59 60 61 59
K Chromosomal Anomalies 268 263 239 217 193 192 198 200 198 199 191 181 167 154 147 140
  K01 Trisomy 13 47 46 42 36 30 35 38 40 38 37 35 30 28 23 21 22
  K02 Down Syndrome 73 74 65 56 46 42 46 45 44 45 49 51 43 33 31 30
  K03 Trisomy 18 71 71 64 60 61 56 59 59 63 61 55 51 44 45 39 39
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		99 92 80 77 69 75 77 80 76 78 67 61 58 57 60 54
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		360 334 282 277 316 377 458 512 521 502 499 444 370 295 286 250
                                

Table 24
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2002-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Six-year Infant Mortality Totals
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019		2015
to
2020		2016
to
2021		2017
to
2022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		33 26 27 24 25 24 26 28 20 24 20 17 20 15 16 13
  M01 Syphilis 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 – – – – – – – –
  M02 Other Infections 32 24 25 22 23 22 24 27 20 24 20 17 20 15 16 13
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		1 1 1 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – –
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		119 117 111 108 114 121 134 155 167 186 194 183 178 154 166 151
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		116 115 109 116 102 98 106 114 107 92 89 85 82 60 52 55
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		52 50 50 48 41 42 40 40 38 39 41 36 31 28 28 24
R Other Diseases of the Eye 20 19 17 13 9 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 17 15 16 17
S Hearing Deficiency 28 27 24 23 24 22 19 23 26 26 27 30 32 29 30 29
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		220 214 223 208 203 188 187 194 174 181 165 163 154 134 143 135
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		121 118 114 112 104 97 99 96 95 97 102 102 106 96 98 99
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		4 4 3 2 3 4 5 5 6 11 11 12 16 17 19 18
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		71 71 66 55 46 42 50 51 64 93 98 104 108 105 94 71
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		3 2 1 – – – 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 – –
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 1 1 1 1 1 1 –
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		43 42 38 35 35 35 42 45 60 88 93 100 105 104 93 71
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 2,396 2,328 2,206 2,060 1,903 1,804 1,826 1,815 1,719 1,705 1,639 1,547 1,433 1,284 1,224 1,127
                                

Notes:
Frequencies include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Columns do not add to diagnostic group totals nor column totals due to cases with multiple diagnosed conditions that cross diagnostic groupings.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025