Table 20
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2006-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Three-year Infant Mortality Totals

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019		2018
to
2020		2019
to
2021		2020
to
2022
A Central Nervous System (All) 174 152 139 111 105 117 132 137 121 100 84 86 107 117 108
  A01 Anencephalus 35 34 34 29 27 34 34 29 22 17 17 18 25 21 13
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 9 7 7 6 4 3 3 4 2 2 4 5 6 5 5
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 50 42 37 27 24 28 31 32 31 33 27 25 23 30 24
  A04 Encephalocele 6 4 3 2 3 3 2 1 4 4 6 3 3 1 2
  A05 Microcephalus 28 25 20 21 16 15 18 25 30 23 23 23 28 25 24
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 80 67 53 44 50 56 67 73 66 54 42 46 58 69 69
B Eye (All) 22 18 17 13 17 16 21 19 22 20 23 17 16 16 20
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		7 6 3 3 4 5 6 8 11 9 12 7 7 3 8
  B02 Congenital Cataract 5 4 3 2 3 2 1 – 2 3 4 2 1 1 1
  B03 Aniridia – – – – – 1 1 1 – 1 1 1 – – –
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 15 11 11 7 10 9 15 12 13 10 12 11 12 12 12
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 20 24 23 15 13 8 10 9 17 14 18 15 18 17 18
  C01 Anotia/Microtia 3 3 4 3 3 1 – 2 5 5 4 1 3 2 3
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		20 24 22 14 13 9 12 9 15 11 15 15 17 18 17
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 522 518 472 388 351 380 423 413 390 312 305 302 336 343 323
  D01 Common Truncus 12 10 11 7 9 7 8 10 12 9 5 1 – – 2
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		16 16 17 16 13 11 15 17 17 11 11 11 13 8 11
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 22 26 24 18 15 15 17 15 16 11 11 9 12 9 11
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 104 98 88 55 51 48 63 76 88 75 72 70 74 73 70
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 203 202 179 135 121 127 165 186 210 174 178 174 180 193 186
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 25 27 22 16 10 9 17 22 28 31 30 25 20 21 21
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		33 30 29 16 18 15 16 14 16 17 13 15 15 21 17
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresi& Stenosis 		9 8 7 4 3 4 3 7 21 27 41 39 39 34 33
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 7 7 7 7 6 5 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 11 9 8 7 9 8 7 3 6 5 8 5 5 8 9
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		53 60 54 51 37 51 49 47 37 29 25 18 23 26 30
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 269 246 212 159 153 147 183 183 213 162 175 169 159 131 102
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 38 26 17 20 23 23 29 26 29 17 23 29 33 29 23
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 41 53 47 31 15 9 7 8 20 29 39 39 41 35 30
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 9 10 10 8 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		10 10 10 6 6 8 8 7 7 8 7 4 5 6 9
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 20 17 14 11 10 4 7 12 17 16 13 13 17 16 16
  D18 Common Ventricel 8 9 9 4 1 2 2 5 5 7 5 5 8 14 16
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		248 266 265 240 209 222 229 214 177 137 148 168 179 192 185
E Respiratory System (All) 177 140 120 100 105 104 137 136 133 87 76 78 94 107 99
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		79 67 69 64 67 62 89 89 92 56 54 53 62 64 57
  E02 Choanal Atresia 4 4 6 5 6 6 7 7 7 5 3 – 3 4 5
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		100 75 50 33 33 38 45 44 37 28 22 32 35 47 42
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 39 39 33 28 24 22 22 20 25 23 27 22 23 19 23
  F01 Cleft Palate 14 15 13 9 7 5 8 9 10 6 2 1 1 1 –
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 27 22 17 16 18 18 16 13 14 12 18 16 19 14 18
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		82 78 67 54 46 54 56 58 47 43 44 49 55 64 67
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		11 11 7 6 8 12 12 11 9 11 10 10 9 14 15
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		12 10 8 6 8 10 13 12 10 7 8 8 8 9 10
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 1 1 2 2 1 – – – 1 1 1 – – – 1
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		2 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 4 3
  G05 Biliary Atresia 3 5 4 3 – 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 6 7
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		61 57 53 39 31 31 35 39 32 27 26 31 35 38 41
H Genital & Urinary Systems 165 173 148 124 106 111 125 129 130 98 91 89 103 112 109
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		45 49 39 28 26 30 35 30 25 16 14 17 23 27 24
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		– 1 2 2 1 – – – – – – – – 1 1
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		31 35 32 26 21 24 26 30 34 30 27 22 24 28 30
  H04 Hypospadias 16 17 12 7 7 6 12 14 16 12 10 10 7 6 4
  H05 Epispadias ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– – – 1 1 1 – –
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		104 103 86 79 69 65 72 83 90 70 61 55 68 75 81
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 176 159 155 132 129 118 142 145 157 132 122 108 117 125 119
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		7 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 6 5 4 1 1 1 1
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 5 4 4 3 2 1 –
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		24 25 27 27 30 26 27 16 ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 7 9 13 7 5 7 8
  I03b Gastroschisis ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 4 4 6 4 5 5 4
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 1 1 2 2 2 – 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 30 31 31 27 28 30 38 38 40 30 22 18 19 19 16
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		128 112 103 84 76 69 83 95 103 96 93 89 98 106 105
J Integument (All) 18 17 18 17 13 18 23 32 31 27 22 28 33 39 31
K Chromosomal Anomalies 97 104 102 96 88 96 104 110 103 87 71 64 67 76 76
  K01 Trisomy 13 13 15 16 17 20 22 23 18 15 12 12 13 11 9 9
  K02 Down Syndrome 29 30 26 17 12 20 28 32 25 21 19 18 12 12 12
  K03 Trisomy 18 30 29 29 31 27 30 28 36 31 27 15 13 18 24 26
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		28 33 34 41 42 43 39 34 35 28 27 23 29 33 31
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		126 105 138 190 272 320 322 249 182 177 195 188 118 91 62
                              

Table 20
Infant Deaths of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2006-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Three-year Infant Mortality Totals
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping2006
to
2008		2007
to
2009		2008
to
2010		2009
to
2011		2010
to
2012		2011
to
2013		2012
to
2014		2013
to
2015		2014
to
2016		2015
to
2017		2016
to
2018		2017
to
2019		2018
to
2020		2019
to
2021		2020
to
2022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		10 15 15 15 9 11 13 11 13 7 6 7 8 10 6
  M01 Syphilis 1 2 2 1 – – – – – – – – – – –
  M02 Other Infections 9 13 13 14 9 11 13 11 13 7 6 7 8 10 6
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – –
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		60 55 60 54 66 74 101 101 112 93 82 66 61 84 85
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		49 47 57 53 51 49 61 56 43 28 29 39 32 23 16
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		24 25 19 17 17 21 23 21 18 18 15 13 10 13 11
R Other Diseases of the Eye 4 7 6 5 1 3 5 9 9 9 7 8 6 9 9
S Hearing Deficiency 12 13 12 12 9 7 11 17 19 16 13 13 13 17 16
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		114 109 91 89 79 96 105 95 85 60 68 69 74 75 66
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		57 60 59 47 37 40 49 58 57 53 44 49 43 54 50
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		1 1 1 2 3 4 3 3 7 8 9 9 9 10 9
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		28 22 23 18 20 27 33 44 66 65 60 42 40 34 29
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		– – – – – 1 1 2 1 1 – – – – –
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––– 1 1 1 – – – –
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		19 16 17 16 19 25 29 41 63 64 59 42 40 34 29
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 1,048 1,000 941 855 804 885 960 915 820 679 632 613 605 592 514
                              

Notes:
Frequencies include all children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. This enables the calculation of birth defects prevalence rates. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Columns do not add to diagnostic group totals nor column totals due to cases with multiple diagnosed conditions that cross diagnostic groupings.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025