Table 26
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2002-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Six-year Mortality Rates

Birth Defects

  Diagnostic Grouping2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019		2015
to
2020		2016
to
2021		2017
to
2022
A Central Nervous System (All) 135.3 135.4 129.3 122.5 111.8 104.6 104.4 94.5 88.7 79.2 74.2 65.5 57.1 54.8 51.8 50.8
  A01 Anencephalus 816.3 782.2 804.1 817.1 780.5 762.5 772.7 777.8 756.8 777.8 796.9 779.7 800 777.8 775.5 720.9
  A02 Spina Bifida w/o Anencephaly 64.6 64.5 60 55.9 47.2 37 36 35.2 30.2 * * 32.7 28.2 31.4 36.7 40.5
  A03 Hydrocephalus w/o Spina Bifida 160.9 160.4 155.2 145.2 122.4 112.2 121.5 116 118.1 118.5 132.2 120.4 108.9 105.3 102.7 93.3
  A04 Encephalocele 223.5 238.1 215.2 205.9 153.8 132.1 111.1 * * 102.9 87 101.4 100 94.6 101.4 *
  A05 Microcephalus 102.1 93.9 90.3 86 85.5 77.5 64.9 62.7 59.3 57.6 48 44.7 42.8 37.1 32.9 31.2
  A99 Other CNS Anomalies 124.9 121.8 108.8 104.2 91.7 86.5 80.3 76.7 77.4 66.2 62.6 58.1 53.3 52.3 51.7 56.8
B Eye (All) 30.4 28 27.1 24.2 22.9 24.2 21.6 20.4 20.1 20.4 20.7 18.3 15.7 14.1 14.3 12.4
  B01 Anopthalmos
/Micropthalmos 		122.1 121.7 134.6 112.2 105.3 120.5 103.9 128.6 169 190.5 170.5 196.1 176.5 142.9 128.2 137.6
  B02 Congenital Cataract 51.4 54.2 49 55.6 51.9 54.3 * * * * * * * * * *
  B03 Aniridia * * * * – – * * * * * * * * * *
  B99 Other Eye Anomalies 23.5 22.7 22.3 18 16.1 16.3 14.5 14.4 13.4 12.8 13.6 11.2 10.3 9.2 9.4 8.2
C Ear, Face and Neck (All) 43.1 47.6 47.4 44.8 38 41.5 33.7 25.5 19.8 19.6 16.6 13.7 13.5 11.8 11.4 9.9
  C01 Anotia/Microtia * 65.2 * * 74.1 77.9 * * * 69.8 * 50.8 42.6 51.6 37.5 *
  C99 Other Ear, Face &
Neck Anomalies 		42.9 46.2 45.3 43.1 35.8 40.5 32.7 25.9 19.4 18.4 15.6 12 12.6 10.3 10.7 9.6
D Heart & Circulatory System (All) 70.9 71.5 70.3 69.3 66.4 66.6 67.2 63.1 59.4 56.1 51.5 44.5 38.2 33.8 30.9 28.6
  D01 Common Truncus 142.9 185.2 200 208.8 215.9 215.9 214.3 189.9 211.1 231.7 215.2 182.9 162.5 116.9 * *
  D02 Transposition of Great
Vessels 		120.1 124.1 133.1 116.4 127.5 123.4 120.7 130.3 124 111.1 99.6 104.1 102.2 92.3 73.9 91.3
  D03 Tetralogy of Fallot 94.3 106.9 118.9 102.3 100.8 107.6 101 97 80.9 83.8 81.2 73 74.9 68.7 57.8 56.2
  D04 Ventricular Septal Defect 61 65.4 62.6 56.8 55.4 53 49.8 42.7 44.6 44.8 43.7 42.7 41.1 37 33.7 31.3
  D05 Atrial Septal Defect 54.9 58.1 55.2 54.4 51.9 49.9 46.6 42.7 42.1 41.2 38.7 35.3 31.9 27.1 25.5 23.6
  D06 Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Endocardial Cushion Defect) 137.4 149.3 152.5 139 112 103.6 92.5 100.3 97.6 112.5 142.4 156.2 154.5 145.7 150.4 137.3
  D07 Pulmonary Valve
Atresia & Stenosis 		59.2 70.6 70.9 70.1 67.4 69.9 70.6 52 50.9 48.8 50.2 39.7 40.5 41.6 42.1 39.7
  D08 Tricuspid Valve
Atresia & Stenosis 		90 125 129.4 117 146.1 117 127.9 87.5 88.5 109.2 90.4 93 87.7 82.8 81.6 75
  D09 Ebstein's Anomaly 166.7 147.1 224.1 245.6 280 245.3 218.2 229.2 170.2 139.5 * * * * * *
  D10 Aortic Valve Stenosis 82.9 107 115.6 116.1 120.8 127.7 128 121.7 104.3 107.7 89.6 77.5 72.4 66.2 97 89.7
  D11 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 		323.8 329 372.9 390.7 389.5 361.9 387.5 369 336 325.9 295.5 275.9 206 198.5 187.5 176.5
  D12 Patent Ductus Arteriosis 97.2 104.1 100.1 99.5 94.3 93.6 89.8 82.7 79.9 77.7 72.5 67.8 63.4 53.8 49.1 43.6
  D13 Coarctation of Aorta 144.7 144.9 146.3 134.7 133.6 114.2 98.3 118.4 114.5 114.5 95.8 97.2 103.9 88.8 87.1 87
  D14 Pulmonary Artery Anomalies 47.8 55.1 55.6 57.4 55.8 65.8 69.1 64.4 47.2 54.8 58.8 48.7 43.4 41 37.8 33.1
  D15 Interrupted Aortic Arch 294.1 293.1 333.3 267.9 298.2 267.9 258.6 226.4 177.8 200 * * * * * *
  D16 Total Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Return (or connection) 		159.6 173.9 188.9 191.5 200 210.5 216.9 170.7 156.6 182.9 177.8 172.8 141 175.7 175.7 183.1
  D17 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 221.6 211.2 201.3 216.9 196.2 173.1 117.6 112.5 132.5 123.5 128.5 132.3 153.1 171 152.6 152.6
  D18 Common Ventricel 163.6 186.4 193 196.7 206.9 181.8 174.6 100 87 87.5 90.9 87 76.9 100.7 118 127.3
  D99 Other Heart &
Circulatory System
Anomalies 		92.9 92.1 94.9 97.3 99.4 106.3 117 114.1 106.5 98.7 88.4 76.3 64.7 55.2 52.3 49.6
E Respiratory System (All) 101.4 97.7 93 87.5 80.2 82 84.4 83.5 78 72.3 64.9 55.7 50.9 41.2 39.1 36.4
  E01 Lung Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		491.1 467.6 444.7 392.3 328.7 311.6 303.9 326.9 352.9 361.5 348.6 326.5 298.4 251.1 226.5 213.6
  E02 Choanal Atresia * * 56.6 81.1 84.9 90.1 95.2 92.3 100.8 103.2 99.2 82.6 56.5 64 53 *
  E99 Other Respiratory
System Anomalies 		56 53.9 53 47.3 44.3 42.5 40 33.2 29.3 26.4 24 19.5 18.7 16 16.5 16.9
F Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip 77.3 75.6 70.8 61.4 58.1 58.1 52.4 47.3 42.1 44.5 42 41.8 41.1 39.5 40.1 39.1
  F01 Cleft Palate 53.1 49.3 45.1 41.2 42.5 45 38.1 35.8 36.4 37 36.5 29.3 31.8 23.2 * *
  F02 Cleft Lip w & w/o Cleft Palate 81.9 82.6 77.5 64.9 58.3 56.9 51.4 47.1 46 49.3 44.5 47.6 45.5 46.2 47.6 49.8
G Upper Alimentary Caanal/
Digestive System (All) 		48.1 47.7 44.5 39.6 36.5 35.3 35.3 30.5 27.4 21.9 18.4 14 10.5 9.4 9.2 9.6
  G01 Esophageal Atresia/
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 		132.8 136.9 129.8 104.2 98.8 120.3 127.5 120.8 124.2 146.9 160.8 143.8 123.4 126.6 143.7 143.7
  G02 Rectal & Large Intestinal
Atresia/Stenosis 		88.2 93.4 88.6 67.4 53.3 57.7 55.9 60.1 65.6 65.6 69.7 70.4 65 55.1 60.1 69.2
  G03 Pyloric Stenosis 5.3 4.6 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  G04 Hirshsprung's Disease
(congenital megacolon) 		* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 29.7 29.7
  G05 Biliary Atresia 77.9 * 103.9 95.9 75 * 69.8 * * * * 61.2 * 50.4 69.8 73
  G99 Other Upper
Alimentary Canal
/Digestive System Anomalies 		66.8 66.3 61.9 56.6 52 49.1 47.6 36.7 31 20.9 16.3 11.4 8.4 7.1 6.4 6.8
H Genital & Urinary Systems 32.8 33.4 33.4 32.2 31.9 32.3 30.2 27.3 24.4 23.1 20.6 17.8 16 13.8 12.8 11.8
  H01 Renal Agenesis/
Hypoplasia 		230 225 231 221.6 217.3 223.9 211 189.2 161.4 146.7 132.5 106.5 93.5 87.2 87.2 87.4
  H02 Bladder Exstrophy &
Cloacal Exstrophy 		* * * * * * * * * – – – – – * *
  H03 Obstructive Genitourinary
Defects 		42.4 43.4 43.9 40.8 39.6 38.8 39.1 33.5 29.4 29.1 25.7 21.9 18.3 16.2 14.8 13
  H04 Hypospadias 17.9 17.2 16.7 12.4 10.3 10.7 7.9 8.2 8.9 9 9.9 9.2 9.4 6.8 5.4 4.7
  H05 Epispadias ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– – – * * * * *
  H99 Other Genital
& Urinary System
Anomalies 		31.4 31.7 31.7 31 31.7 32.6 29.4 27.3 25.8 23.9 20.5 17.8 16 13.8 12.4 11.7
I Musculoskeletal System (All) 30.9 31.9 30.9 29.6 27.1 25.5 23.6 21.5 19.4 17.9 16.4 13.8 12.5 11 10.4 9.2
  I01 Upper Limb Reduction
Deformities 		80.2 92.6 84.4 55.9 61 50 47 * 44.8 75.2 52.6 40.5 47 39.2 * *
  I02 Lower Limb Reduction
Deformities 		72 59.3 75 50.8 * * * * * 69 78.7 74.5 78.4 60 * *
  I03 Gastroschisis/
Omphalocele 		108.8 110.9 105.4 110.7 103.2 112.9 106.2 104.2 97.3 ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– –––
  I03a Exomphalos/
Omphalocele 		––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– 184.2 100 66 55.6 52.2 70.4 54
  I03b Gastroschisis ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– * * 38.7 36.7 36.7 40.9 34.8
  I03c Prune Belly Syndrome,
Congenital Hernia of Bladder 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  I04 Congenital Hip Dislocation 8.4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 31.4
  I05 Diaphragmatic Hernia 262.5 258.6 233.5 231.4 223.5 256.5 285 288.9 296 304.3 296.9 246.9 218 189.2 153.6 128.8
  I99 Other Musculoskeletal
System 		25.6 25.9 25.6 23.3 20.8 18.6 16.5 14.4 13 11.9 11.3 10.2 9.4 8.9 8.7 8.1
J Integument (All) 9.4 7.2 6.6 6.1 5.4 5 5.1 5 5.6 5.6 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.3 3
K Chromosomal Anomalies 165.9 166.9 158.1 147.2 135.2 139 143.8 144 140.5 136.5 123.2 108.1 93.2 80.8 72.9 67.8
  K01 Trisomy 13 723.1 730.2 750 720 697.7 795.5 826.1 833.3 808.5 787.2 795.5 731.7 666.7 522.7 477.3 478.3
  K02 Down Syndrome 74.9 78.6 72.2 64.2 55.4 53.8 60 58.6 56.7 58.1 59.5 60.5 49.5 37.7 34.1 33.2
  K03 Trisomy 18 669.8 682.7 695.7 689.7 693.2 674.7 678.2 678.2 677.4 642.1 618 536.8 458.3 441.2 410.5 423.9
  K99 Other Chromosomal
Anomalies 		183.7 174.9 157.2 151.9 134 141 142.9 144.7 135.2 128.1 103.2 81.8 69.8 61.3 59.1 50.4
L Other and Unspecified
Birth Defects 		109.4 116 119.2 76.5 65.5 58.3 55.5 48.3 46.8 43.1 39.4 31.1 23.6 21.8 21.6 22.4
                                

Table 26
Mortality Rates of Michigan Children with Reported Birth Defects
by Detailed Diagnostic Code Group and Birth Year,
Michigan Resident Children Born in Michigan During 2002-2022,
Cases Diagnosed within One Year from Birth
Moving Six-year Mortality Rates
(Continued)

Other Reportable Conditions

  Diagnostic Grouping2002
to
2007		2003
to
2008		2004
to
2009		2005
to
2010		2006
to
2011		2007
to
2012		2008
to
2013		2009
to
2014		2010
to
2015		2011
to
2016		2012
to
2017		2013
to
2018		2014
to
2019		2015
to
2020		2016
to
2021		2017
to
2022
M Infectious Conditions
Occurring in the Perinatal
Period 		146 113 108 89.9 90.3 79.7 77.8 79.1 57.1 65.6 54.5 44.5 49.3 35.5 34.5 24.6
  M01 Syphilis * * * * * * * * – – – – – – – –
  M02 Other Infections 161.6 130.4 136.6 114 113.9 100.9 101.7 104.2 75.2 87 72.5 59.2 64.7 48.1 47.8 34.6
N Familial/Congenital
Neoplasms 		* * * * * * – – – – – – – – – –
O Endocrine/Metabolic
Disorders 		50.9 47 45.5 42.1 43.6 43.6 44.1 47.4 46.5 47.6 46.3 36.8 31.6 24.9 24.3 20.6
P Diseases of the Blood
& Blood Forming Organs 		70.3 68.7 67.6 70.3 61.9 57.9 59.2 58.9 49.3 40.4 37.6 33.3 30.2 21.7 19.7 21.3
Q Other Diseases of the
Central and Peripheral
Nervous System 		45.5 44.2 45.1 45.3 39.4 40.6 39.5 39.9 38 38 40.4 33.8 28.1 25 24.8 21.3
R Other Diseases of the Eye 15.1 14.7 13.9 10.8 7.8 7.3 7.8 8 6.9 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.4 6.3 6.6 6.9
S Hearing Deficiency 13.8 13.7 11.9 11.8 11.4 9.6 7.2 7.9 8.3 6.7 6.2 5.9 6 5 4.6 4.6
T Other Diseases of the
Heart & Circulatory System 		93.7 90.5 97.3 88.6 87 80.2 79 80.7 70.7 70.9 61.2 56.4 48.7 40.7 40.5 36.3
U Other Diseases of the
Gastrointestinal System 		24.5 24.2 25.4 25.8 25.4 24.5 25 22.5 17.9 14.9 13.5 10.9 9.9 8.4 8.5 8.6
V Other Diseases of the
Genital and Urinary Systems 		* * * * * * * * 21.8 23.9 15.9 11 10.8 9.1 9 8
X Other Musculoskeletal
System Diseases 		– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Y Maternal Exposures
Affecting Fetus 		46.7 47.1 45.1 38.2 31.3 27.5 29.5 25.4 20.2 12.5 10.6 8.4 7.8 7.2 6.5 6.4
  Y01 Newborn Affected by
Maternal use of Alcohol 		* * * – – – * * * * * * * * – –
  Y02 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– ––– * * * * * * –
  Y99 Other Maternal Exposures
Affecting the Fetus 		32 31.8 29.8 28.1 27.7 26.4 28.5 25.8 20.8 12.2 10.3 8.2 7.7 7.2 6.4 6.5
One or More
Reportable Diagnosis 		 37.6 36.9 36.3 34.3 32 30.6 29.5 26.9 23.8 21 18.6 15 12.5 10.8 9.7 9
                                

Notes:
Rates are per 1,000 Michigan Born Resident Live Births. Rates represent the infant mortality rate for children with a diagnosed birth defect. The rates include all deaths within the first year of life to children reported with a birth defect who were born in Michigan and whose mother was a resident at the time of birth. Birth defect statistics sometimes reflect trends related to data reporting or new testing. See Data Quality Considerations for further details.
Conditions are reportable if identified within the first two years of a child's life. The prevalence frequencies in this table represent cases diagnosed within the first year of life.
*: Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.
Prior to October 2015, diagnoses were coded using the 9th revision to the International Classification of Diseases - ICD–9–CM.  (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–9–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) After October 2015, the Birth Defect registry coded diagnoses using ICD–10–CM. (See Birth Defect Groups and ICD–10–CM Diagnosis Codes for the codes used to categorize birth defects.) Diagnostic Code Groupings used in analysis of birth defects are defined by the Centers for Disease Control.
Source: Michigan Birth Defects Registry, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Health & Human Services
Reports Processed through October 28, 2025

Last Updated on November 10th, 2025